No One is Illegal on Stolen Land Featuring Sitting Bull.

tat??ka ?yotake, known to the world as sitting bull, was a hunkpapa lakota holy man and political leader who defended lakota sovereignty against the illegal u.s. invasion of their homelands. he was not resisting ?american expansion.? he was defending his people?s unceded land from a settler colonial government that violated treaties and occupied lakota territory by force.

he was born around 1831 along the grand river in what is now called south dakota, in lakota land that has never been lawfully ceded. the lakota name for the place meant ?many caches,? a site of sustenance and life. later he was given the name tat??ka ?yotake, describing a buffalo bull sitting firmly and immovable. that steadfastness defined his life.

as a young man, he joined lakota warrior societies responsible for protecting the people and upholding collective responsibility. his early battles were acts of defense against the advancing military arm of a settler state. the u.s. army?s campaigns across the northern plains were part of a broader project of land theft, forced removal, and genocide.

the 1868 fort laramie treaty recognized the black hills and surrounding territories as lakota land. when gold was discovered there in 1874, the united states violated its own treaty. instead of removing trespassers, the government demanded that lakota return to reservations or be declared hostile. sitting bull refused to abandon his homeland.

in 1876, during a sun dance ceremony, he had a vision of u.s. soldiers falling into lakota camp like grasshoppers. soon after, lakota and cheyenne forces defeated george armstrong custer and the 7th cavalry at the battle of the little bighorn. for the lakota, this was not a tragedy but a defense of treaty land and life.

the united states responded with overwhelming military force and the deliberate destruction of the buffalo to starve plains nations into submission. facing famine created by federal policy, sitting bull crossed into canada in 1877. he surrendered in 1881 under conditions of starvation, stating he was the last of his people to give up his rifle.

he was imprisoned as a prisoner of war in his own homeland, which remained under u.s. occupation. later confined to standing rock reservation, he continued to resist forced assimilation while preparing his children to survive within a colonial system imposed on them.

in 1890, amid federal panic over the ghost dance movement, authorities moved to silence him. lakota police operating under colonial pressure attempted to arrest him. on december 15, 1890, he was killed.

tat??ka ?yotake is remembered among the lakota as a spiritual leader and defender of sovereignty. the black hills remain unceded. in 1980, the u.s. supreme court acknowledged the illegal taking of that land, yet it has never been returned.

the lakota people still live in their unceded homelands. those homelands remain occupied by the united states. sitting bull?s life is not only history. it is part of an ongoing struggle for land, treaty rights, and self determination.

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